As the core equipment for the development and utilization of deep resources, the hoisting system during the construction of ultra-deep shafts faces complex dynamic loads and extreme working condition challenges. The dynamic load-bearing safety of hoisting wire ropes directly restricts the safe construction and operational efficiency of ultra-deep shafts. In response to the issues that the calculation of the minimum safety factor for the load-bearing capacity of hoisting systems in China's ultra-deep shaft construction does not fully consider time-varying loads and the differences with international minimum safety factor standards, this paper takes the Sanshandao Gold Mine as the research object. It compares and analyzes the differences in the ultimate hoisting height and hoisting load under the theoretical calculations of the minimum load-bearing safety factor for wire ropes in domestic and international contexts. Furthermore, a multi-body coupled dynamics model of the hoist-wire rope-hoisting container is established, and a dynamic safety factor calculation method based on time-varying load spectra is proposed. This method reveals the vibration characteristics, dynamic tension evolution, and dynamic safety factor variation patterns of the hoisting system during the acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration phases. Additionally, the influence mechanisms of key factors such as sudden changes in hoisting speed, elastic vibration of the wire rope, and load fluctuations on system safety are analyzed. The research results indicate that during the hoisting process, as the hoisting height increases, the amplitude and frequency of longitudinal and torsional vibrations of the wire rope and bucket gradually increase, while the lateral vibration shows a trend of initially increasing, then decreasing, and finally stabilizing. Based on the domestic and international theoretical calculations of the wire rope load-bearing safety factor, the dynamic safety factor of the wire rope increases with the hoisting height during the hoisting phase, while it decreases with the lowering height during the lowering phase, with the maximum dynamic fluctuation amplitude occurring during the acceleration phase.